The Balhae kingdom controlled most of the historical region of Manchuria within the Amur River until the sea. Similar to the workings of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of :
| Former State | Province | Capitals/Ancient name | Prefectures level 속주(屬州) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanja Chinese Alphabet (traditional) |
Hangul Korean Alphabet |
Korean Romanization | Approximal extent in terms of modern locations | Hanja Chinese Alphabet (traditional) |
Hangul Korean Alphabet |
Korean Romanization | Modern location | ||
| Sushen 숙신 肅愼 |
龍泉府 | 용천부 | Yongcheon Longquan |
x | 上京 | 상경 | Sanggyeong Shangjing |
Ning'an (寧安市) (Manchu: Ninguta 寧古塔) |
용주(龍州) 호주(湖州)=宁安县西南 발주(渤州)=牡丹江市城区南 |
| Sushen 숙신 肅愼 |
顯德府 | 현덕부 | Hyundeok Xiande |
x | 中京/顯州 | 중경/현주 | Junggyeong/Hyeonju Zhongjing/Xianzhou |
Helong/Dunhua (和龍市/敦化市) |
노주(盧州)=安图县 현주(顯州) 철주(鐵州) 탕주(湯州)=灵峰县 영주(榮州) 흥주(興州)=Baihe |
| Yemaek 예맥 濊貊 |
龍原府 | 용원부 | Yongwon Longyuan |
x | 東京 | 동경 | Donggyeong Dongjing |
Hunchun |
경주(慶州) 염주(鹽州)=Zarubino 목주(穆州) 하주(賀州) |
| Okjeo 옥저 沃沮 |
南海府 | 남해부 | Namhae Nanhai |
x | 南京 | 남경 | Namgyeong Nanjing |
Hamheung |
옥주(沃州) 정주(睛州) 초주(椒州) |
| Goguryeo 고구려 高句麗 |
鴨綠府 | 압록부 | Amnok Yalü |
x | 西京/神州 | 서경/신주 | Seogyeong/Sinju Xijing/Shenzhou |
Linjiang | 신주(神州) 환주(桓州)=Jian 풍주(豊州)=Hyesan 정주(正州)=Tonghua |
| Goguryeo 고구려 高句麗 |
長嶺府 | 장령부 | Jangnyeong Changling |
x | 瑕州 | 하주 | Haju Xiazhou |
Jingyu (靖宇县) |
하주(瑕州) 하주(河州) |
| Buyeo 부여 夫餘 |
夫餘府 | 부여부 | Buyeo Fuyu |
x | 扶州 | 부주 | Buju Fuzhou |
Kaiyuan | 부주(扶州)· 선주(仙州)= Caoshi |
| Buyeo 부여 夫餘 |
鄚頡府 | 막힐부 | Makhil Moxie |
x | 鄚州 | 막주 | Makju Mozhou |
Acheng (阿城) |
막주(鄚州) 고주(高州;鳥河郷)=Niǎohé |
| 읍루 揖婁/우루부말갈 虞婁部靺鞨 |
定理府 | 정리부 | Jeongni Dingli |
x | 定州 | 정주 | Jeongju/Dingzhou | Partizansk | 정주(定州) 반주(潘州) |
| 읍루 揖婁/우루부말갈 虞婁部靺鞨 |
安邊府 | 안변부 | Anbyeon Anbian |
x | 安州 | 안주 | Anju Anzhou |
Olga | 안주(安州) 경주(瓊州) |
| 솔빈 率賓 |
率賓府 | 솔빈부 | Solbin Shuaibin |
x | 華州 | 화주 | Hwaju Huazhou |
Ussuriysk/Shuaibin | 화주(華州) 익주(益州) 건주(建州)=Tongning |
| 불열 拂涅 |
東平府 | 동평부 | Dongpyeong Dongping |
x | 伊州 | 이주 | Iju Yizhou |
Dangbi (密山市/当壁鎮) |
이주(伊州) 몽주(蒙州) 타주(沱州)=Troitskoye 흑주(黑州) 비주(比州) |
| 철리 鐵利 |
鐵利府 | 철리부 | Cheolli Tieli |
x | 德理鎮 | 덕리진 | Deongnijin/Delizhen | Yilan (依蘭郷) |
광주(廣州) 분주(汾州) 포주(蒲州) 해주(海州) 귀주(歸州) |
| 월희 越喜 |
懷遠府 | 회원부 | Hoewon Huaiyuan |
x | 達州 | 달주 | Dalju | Tongjiang (同江市) |
달주(達州) 월주(越州) 회주(懷州) 기주(紀州) 부주(富州) 미주(美州) 복주(福州) 사주(邪州) 지주(芝州) |
| 월희 越喜 |
安遠府 | 안원부 | Anyuan Anwon |
x | 寧州 | 영주 | Yeongju Ningzhou |
Dalnerechensk | 영주(寧州) 미주(郿州)=Spassk-Dalny 모주(慕州) 상주(常州) |
Contents |
Manzhou Yuanliu Gao provides records which show that the Balhae had occupied the Bisa Fortress at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. The History of Liao records that the Balhae established provinces at the Sin Fortress, Gaemo Fortress, Baegam Fortress, Yodong Fortress and Ansi Fortress area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the Liaoxi area. The Balhae sovereign’s message to Yamato Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old Goguryeo territory and its ruler’s authority now shines beyond the Liao River. The Balhae came to occupy almost the whole of Manchuria, including the Songhua and Ussuri basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
